Also Known As
Thyrotropin
This article was last reviewed on
This article waslast modified on 15 June 2021.
At a Glance
Why Get Tested?

To screen for and diagnose thyroid disorders; to monitor treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

When To Get Tested?

For screening: All newborns are screened for congenital hypothyroidism. There is currently no recommendation in the UK for routine screening of adults.
When a patient has symptoms of hypo- or hyperthyroidism and/or an enlarged thyroid. For monitoring treatment of the thyroid as directed by your healthcare professional.
In patients with thyroid cancer who have undergone total removal of the thyroid and are taking levothyroxine (synthetic thyroxine (T4)).

Sample Required?

A blood sample taken from a vein in the arm. For neonatal screening blood is collected by pricking the heel

Test Preparation Needed?

None required

On average it takes 7 working days for the blood test results to come back from the hospital, depending on the exact tests requested. Some specialist test results may take longer, if samples have to be sent to a reference (specialist) laboratory. The X-ray & scan results may take longer. If you are registered to use the online services of your local practice, you may be able to access your results online. Your GP practice will be able to provide specific details.

If the doctor wants to see you about the result(s), you will be offered an appointment. If you are concerned about your test results, you will need to arrange an appointment with your doctor so that all relevant information including age, ethnicity, health history, signs and symptoms, laboratory and other procedures (radiology, endoscopy, etc.), can be considered.

Lab Tests Online-UK is an educational website designed to provide patients and carers with information on laboratory tests used in medical care. We are not a laboratory and are unable to comment on an individual's health and treatment.

Reference ranges are dependent on many factors, including patient age, sex, sample population, and test method, and numeric test results can have different meanings in different laboratories.

For these reasons, you will not find reference ranges for the majority of tests described on this web site. The lab report containing your test results should include the relevant reference range for your test(s). Please consult your doctor or the laboratory that performed the test(s) to obtain the reference range if you do not have the lab report.

For more information on reference ranges, please read Reference Ranges and What They Mean.

TSH
Test From To Units
TSH 0.4 4.0 mU/l (milliunits per litre)

These ranges are only a guide and will vary according to laboratory. In pregnancy the serum TSH reference range is different from the general population.

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What is being tested?

The test measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood, which is an indicator of thyroid disease. TSH is made by the pituitary gland, a tiny organ located below the brain and behind the sinus cavities. It is part of the body’s feedback system to maintain stable amounts of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the blood.Together these tests are referred to as thyroid function tests.

Thyroid hormones help control the rate at which the body uses energy. When concentrations decrease in the blood, the hypothalamus (an organ in the brain) releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). This stimulates the release of TSH by the pituitary gland. The TSH in turn stimulates the production and release of T4 and T3 by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland that lies in the neck flat against the windpipe. When all three organs are functioning normally, thyroid hormone concentrations in the blood remain constant.

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Common Questions
  • How is it used?

    The TSH test is often the first test for evaluating thyroid function and/or symptoms of hyper- or hypothyroidism. It is frequently measured together with thyroxine (usually Free T4). Other thyroid tests that may be requested include T3 (usually as Free T3) and thyroid antibodies (if autoimmune-related thyroid disease is suspected).

    TSH testing is used to:

    • screen newborns for an underactive thyroid
    • diagnose a thyroid disorder in a person with symptoms
    • monitor thyroid replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism
    • monitor the response to treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism
    • as part of the investigation of female infertility problems
    • to help evaluate the function of the pituitary gland
    • monitor thyroxine replacement in thyroid cancer patients treated with thyroxine after removal of thyroid tissue
  • When is it requested?

    Your doctor requests this test if you show symptoms of a thyroid disorder. For example, symptoms of hyperthyroidism include heat intolerance, weight loss, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, insomnia, and breathlessness. Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, slow heart rate, and cold intolerance.

    The test may also be requested to monitor the effectiveness of treatment when a patient is being treated for a known thyroid disorder.

    The blood test may be requested with other thyroid hormone tests and after a physical examination of your thyroid. TSH screening is routinely performed in newborns. There are currently no recommendations for routine screening of adults in the UK.

  • What does the test result mean?

    A high TSH result often means an underactive thyroid gland caused by failure of the gland (hypothyroidism) although small elevations of TSH can be transitory due to non-thyroidal illness.. Very rarely, a high TSH result can indicate a problem with the pituitary gland, such as a tumour, producing uncontrolled concentrations of TSH or when there is resistance to the action of thyroid hormones. A high TSH value can also occur in people with an underactive thyroid glands who have been receiving too little thyroid hormone medication.

    A low TSH result can indicate an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) or damage to the pituitary gland that prevents it from producing TSH. A low TSH result can also occur in people with an underactive thyroid gland who are receiving too much thyroid hormone medication. 

    Whether high or low, an abnormal TSH indicates an excess or deficiency in the amount of thyroid hormone available to the body, but it does not indicate the reason why. An abnormal TSH test result is usually followed by additional testing to investigate the cause of the increase or decrease.

  • Is there anything else I should know?

    Thyroid-hormone replacement therapy and some drugs may interfere with thyroid function test results, so tell your doctor about any drugs you are taking, for example, lithium and amiodarone.

    When your doctor adjusts your dose of thyroid hormone, it is important that you wait at least 6 weeksone to two months before checking your TSH again, so that your new dose can have its full effect.

    Extreme stress and acute illness may also affect TSH test results, and results may be low during the first trimester of pregnancy.

  • How is hyperthyroidism treated?

    Hyperthyroidism can be controlled through treatment. This will normally involve either tablets which stop the thyroid gland producing thyroid hormones, radioiodine treatment which destroys thyroid tissue, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

  • How is hypothyroidism treated?

    Hypothyroidism is easily treated and controlled for most people with thyroxine (T4) replacement in the form of a tablet.

  • Do doctors test for TSH levels during pregnancy?

    Yes, that is a good way to test for hypothyroidism during pregnancy, which is often overlooked.
    For more information, see British Thyroid Association: For patients with underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) who are pregnant or hoping to become pregnant

  • Treatment in thyroid cancer patients

    The dose of levothyroxine prescribed may need to be slightly higher than that normally used to treat hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland). This is because it is needed to suppress the blood TSH level to prevent any remaining thyroid cells being stimulated to grow by a high TSH level. In patients who have a good response to treatment, TSH suppression may only be necessary a for short time (less than 12 months) after your treatment.

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